1.     Discuss the accuracy of beta HCG pregnancy testing in various populations

2.     Assess when pregnancy testing is appropriate in the pediatric population by integrating patient demographics, history, procedure risk, and ethical considerations around consent and confidentiality.

3.     Review the interactions between sugammadex and oral contraceptives

1.     Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative neuromonitoring

2.     Identify the risks of residual neuromuscular blockade with qualitative neuromonitoring

3.     Compare the cost of monitoring to the total cost of care in a perioperative environment

1.     Recognize the different source of pain after pectus repair and how they alter pain management

2.     Compare the risk benefits of regional blocks, opioid and non-opioid medications for pectus repair

3.     Formulate a plan to provide multi-modal pain relief following pectus repair

1.     Review the risks of providing anesthesia in an austere environment

2.     Discuss the risks to the provider of providing anesthesia in a radiology setting

3.     Formulate a plan to manage patients for cerebral angiography

1.     Correlate the changes in standards for post-operative monitoring for surgery such as tonsillectomy and posterior spine fusion with decline in PICU admission

2.     Discuss the decline in mechanical ventilation correlating with high flow nasal cannula oxygen

3.     Examine the rise in patients with chronic complex conditions over time

1.     Discuss the risks of propofol infusion syndrome and need for alternative therapies in and ICU setting

2.     Identify risk of the development of ICU delirium with classes of sedation medication

3.     Inventory the use of sedation and analgesic medications in North American PICUs

1.     Compare the available information on platforms such as PAAD, Open Anesthesia, and Social Media

2.     Discuss how to validate information from digital platforms

3.     Describe the effectiveness of just in time education

1. Explain how hospitals process payment for clinical care.


2. Differentiate between hospital and physician reimbursement systems.


3. Understand how documentation, resource utilization, and efficiency impact financial performance.


4. Recognize the role of clinicians in sustaining hospital operations and improving margins.

1.     Describe the epidemiology and mechanism of injury with supracondylar fractures

2.     Discuss the potential complications to critical neurovascular structures and how they factor into timing of surgical repair

3.     Discriminate the benefits of open versus closed management

1.     Describe critical periods in brain development

2.     Summarize why studies in animals may not apply to human infants

3.     Formulate a plan to talk to parents about anesthesia and their infant

1.     Describe challenges he/she may face when caring for pediatric patients in an adult facility

2.     List strategies for leveraging everyday resources to safely care for the pediatric patient

3.     Develop a checklist of basic and necessary equipment for pediatric anesthesia in an adult facility

1.     Assess the complex legal and political environments involved in regulation of AI

2.     Identify liability considerations when using AI in healthcare

3.     Advocate for safe and equitable use of AI in healthcare

1.     Discuss the risks and benefits of nitrous oxide in induction for pediatric anesthesia

2.     Review the benefits and possibilities for a 1 hour fasting limit

3.     Explain whether you would continue to use cricoid pressure during rapid sequence intubation

1.     Discuss possible increased analgesic needs for acute on chronic pain

2.     Review potential side effects of opioid medications in this population

3.     Formulate a plan for multi-modal pain management that may include regional for a child with chronic pain

1.     Understand considerations for recognizing and managing anaphylaxis in the perioperative setting

2.     Propose a step-wise plan to manage intraoperative anaphylaxis

3.     Demonstrate awareness of unique allergies and clinical considerations

1.     Distinguish differences between discharge readiness scoring systems for pediatric PACUs.

2.     Discuss how discharge readiness translates to PACU throughput

3.     Appraise recent literature using the P-REDI criteria for PACU discharge

1.     Differentiate the various modalities to reduce peri-operative anxiety

2.     Critique modalities to reduce anxiety based on resources of equipment and people

3.     Formulate a plan to reduce peri-operative anxiety in children that would work with your own institutional practice.

1.     Describe the benefits of early extubation on post-operative management of liver transplantation

2.     Analyze patient factors associated with a reintubation risk

3.     Summarize outcomes of length of ICU stay and return of synthetic function with early extubation.

1.     Describe the revisions to ATLS resuscitation using the mnemonic XABCDE to focus on management of hemorrhage

2.     Distinguishing specific injury patterns 

3.     Formulate a plan to manage thoracic trauma requiring intervention